Monthly Archives: September 2010

Creative Zen Vision W Review – Video Formats

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One of the main concerns portable video player enthusiasts lies in the fact that not every good looking player will in fact support the video formats they use the most. For instance some people love the AVI container, other simply like WMV better and others just use a specific format because their favorite media is encoded using such codec.

For many of us, buying an expensive MP3-video player which doesn’t play the desired format is a total pain and things get even worse when we have to use brute PC power to re-encode the media we want to watch on our players, this is why it is very important that the player we are buying supports the container we use the most.

It would be safe to say that AVI is one of the most popular video containers used to share video files on the internet, this container can be H.264, DivX or Xvid compressed these are all video codecs which may be used to produce videos. Another popular format is the MPG container which is one of the older formats around, they may be found in MPG-1 and MPG-2 for DVDs; yet another container which is mostly used by Japanese fan-sub animation fans is the MKV container which can have several audio and subtitle streams all in one file.

The formats supported by the Zen vision W are: MPG1, AVI (Divx, Xvid) and WMV at a maximum resolution of 720X640 which is really good for a portable player which can be connected to a TV in order to watch the movie at full resolution on a bigger screen. At 30GB the amount of movies which can be stored using any of the codecs mentioned can be of up to 42 – 700MB movies, this number may vary according to the bit-rate used to encode each video.

The MKV container is not yet supported but there are other devices which do, however some people don’t want to sacrifice the player aesthetics and price in order to get an extra format. An good feature anime lovers will find useful is the picture display capabilities which can be used to read mangas, all others will find the space and compatibility features just perfect.

What Is Linux Hosting?

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Linux hosting is an alternative to using Microsoft Windows-based technology for operating a website. Linux is an open-source operating system, which means the code that makes it run is publicly available. This means computer experts all over the world can share ways of improving how the system works. Although it is more complicated to understand than Windows, most computer experts say Linux is much more reliable and less likely to ‘crash’. This makes it particularly useful for running websites.

Linux hosting makes use of several technologies:

* PHP is a programming language which produces dynamic web pages. These are pages which can change in appearance and content in response to something the person viewing it does (such as filling in a form). PHP is a server-side language, meaning the program runs on the server (the computer that physically stores the website) rather than the computer being used to view the page.

* MySQL is a database system used for websites. It can be used for features such as a real estate company letting site visitors search for properties of a certain size and cost. It is used by popular sites such as Craigslist and LiveJournal.

* Python is a programming language which is well-regarded among many programmers. It is relatively sophisticated, but is easier to understand than many programming languages. Python often uses common English words where other languages simply use symbols. Python also gives programmers the ability to make a draft alteration to a program and check the effects immediately without having to make the change permanent.

* XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a more flexible method of organizing the information that makes up a website. With the old HTML system, each piece of information is labeled only for appearance (for example ‘bold’ or ‘italic’). With XML, any type of label can be used. For example, in a page containing a recipe, a piece of text could be labeled as ‘ingredient’ or ‘safety warning’. XML means that a website owner has much more control over the information on their site.

You Need a Digital Camera Buying Guide

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Copyright (c) 2008 Orlando Thompson

The best way to find out about digital cameras is with a digital camera buying guide. You can find out all the information about each specific digital camera and what features the digital camera has as well as how they operate. The buying guide is a great place to start shopping. Some of the information in the guide will include the battery options, storage, lenses and megapixels.

The information you find will help you choose a digital camera that will fit your needs. This is the most comprehensive guide for digital camera buying. You can get this guide in print or use the Internet, which has the same information. The digital camera buying guide has reviews of the digital cameras, which should help you decide if the digital camera is worth the time and money.

The reviews come from testing the digital cameras to see the ease of use and can explain how the features work or do not work. If you plan to buy a digital camera, you will find the buying guide very useful. For the first time user, this guide can be beneficial. If you already have a digital camera and want something comparable or better, the guide is where you should look.

You can find over thirty-five hundred reviews of digital cameras when you look at the digital camera buying guide. Many online sites have all the information you need to decide which digital camera will work the best for you. The guide will help you with things that you need to consider when buying a digital camera. If you are looking for a professional digital camera or a digital camera for general pictures, the buying guide will help you choose the best one.

Before you go and buy a digital camera, you need to compare different digital cameras to find out which ones are highly rated plus which digital cameras have all the features you are looking for.

It really depends largely on what you personally are looking for in a digital camera but these are comments of different personal wants and the features that they found important.

The Snapshooter

I want to take photos that I can e-mail to friends and family, post on the Web, or print in sizes smaller than 8×10 inches. I’d like a digital camera that is easy enough for the whole family to use and small enough to take anywhere. I’ll be printing on an inexpensive, all-purpose inkjet printer or getting photo prints from the local drugstore, though I’ll consider buying a photo printer if I like the pictures enough. If this is your purpsose these are The specs that matter. Resolution It doesn’t matter. Most cameras on the market today have sufficient resolution for your needs. Price $150 to $300, lens type Zoom (range encompassing at least 38mm to 114mm, 35mm equivalent) Storage media Internal memory, CompactFlash, Memory Stick, xD-Picture Card, or Secure Digital/MultiMediaCard Photo file format JPEG Interfaces USB, NTSC/PAL television connection, exposure controls automatic, programmed scene modes, exposure compensation (for tweaking the automatic exposure), focus controls automatic, flash modes automatic, fill, red-eye reduction, software Photo stitching, photo album, slide show, multimedia VGA (640×480), 30fps video-clip recording with sound, other cool features to look for Direct-to-printer (PictBridge) output compatibility, in-camera red-eye removal, automatic exposure fix, optical or mechanical image stabilization, face detection.

The Trendsetter

I like to buy the newest, shiniest toys before anyone else does. I want to impress my friends and business associates with the latest technologies and coolest features, but not if it makes the product too complicated to use. Although I do want the best deal available the cost of the digital camera is not my number one concern. For the trendsetter the specs that matter are resolution 8 megapixels or greater, price Less than $1,000 lens type Zoom (range encompassing at least 36mm to 108mm, 35mm equivalent), storage media Internal memory, CompactFlash, Memory Stick, xD-Picture Card, or SD/HC, photo file format JPEG, interfaces USB, HDMI, or component HDTV television connection, exposure controls automatic, programmed scene modes, exposure compensation (for tweaking the automatic exposure), focus controls automatic, flash modes automatic, fill, red-eye reduction Software Photo-stitching, photo album, slide show, multimedia 720p (1,280×720) video-clip recording with sound and functioning zoom during video, other cool features to look for Ultracompact design, Webcam capabilities, voice recording, Wi-Fi support, 3-inch LCD, simultaneous video and photo capture, 12X or greater optical zoom, optical or mechanical image stabilization, face detection.

The Business user

I need to be able to shoot onsite or in the office, photograph products and people for ads and publicity in print and on the Web, and get professional-looking results without hiring a pro. I need to get prints in a variety of ways, including from a color laser printer or quick-print shop. I have to share the camera with my coworkers. The specs that matter for the business user are resolution 7 megapixels or greater, price $400 to $700, lens type Zoom (range encompassing at least 36mm to 130mm, 35mm equivalent), storage media CompactFlash, Memory Stick, xD-Picture Card, or SD/HC, photo file format JPEG or TIFF, interfaces USB, NTSC/PAL television connection, exposure controls automatic, aperture- and shutter-priority, manual, choice of metering modes, bracketing, focus controls automatic, manual flash modes automatic, fill, red-eye reduction, external flash compatibility, software photo editor; collaborative image sharing, multimedia voice recording, built-in speaker for audio playback, other cool features to look for Support for digital security, Wi-Fi, text-capture mode, world clock.

India: Attractive Market for Biopharmaceutical Companies Looking to Accelerate Their Clinical Trials

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The Clinical Research Market in India is growing at a very rapid rate according to anyone’s statistics…It is exploding according to all the hype.

For a long time, India has been a hotbed for companies in several major industries looking to outsource and “off-shore” services in an effort to speed development, reduce costs, while hoping to maintain a high level of quality. Today, the process of discovering and testing new drugs is following a similar path and India has a leading role.

There is a tremendous amount of excitement about markets such as India, Central and Eastern Europe and more recently, China. But like any new and exciting trend, we need to buffer that excitement with an understanding of reality. There are tremendous benefits being realized by companies now conducting studies in India, but those companies have also developed an understanding of the cultural intricacies, workforce talent pool, site and study conduct challenges and an improving yet dynamic regulatory environment. Understanding these realities and how to work in them is critical to future success.



India – A Preferred Destination: Why the Industry is Acting on India

As is widely known today, sponsors operating in mature drug development markets including the US and Western Europe are facing difficult challenges in moving their compounds efficiently through the pipeline, whether it be a shortage of beds for Phase I units, delays in contracting and budgeting, or patient recruitment challenges, the costs and timelines associated with bringing new compounds from the bench to bedside is greater than ever before. These issues have forced the industry out of its comfort zone resulting in a rapid globalization process over the last 10 years. Likewise, regions and countries around the world have adapted to and benefited from this globalization.

In very recent years, India has adapted its laws and regulatory guidelines to allow global biopharmaceutical companies access and confidence in conducting clinical trials there. Strong national resources and advantages in medical education and practice, patient populations and the prevalence of 1st and 3rd world diseases have made India not only an open destination, but also an attractive destination. In fact, the well known consulting firm AT Kearney ranked the attractiveness of markets across the world using the US market as the benchmark. India ranks second only to China on that scale and other than population size ranks very closely to or better than China in a number of key categories, including – perhaps most importantly to many companies – the regulatory environment and timelines.

Overall India advantages becoming known:

* Well-credentialed, acclaimed physician base

* Growing market for patent-protected therapies

* Faster, cost-effective studies

* Marketing & Supply Chain infrastructure

* Large treatment-naïve patient population

For additional information on this exciting market, please click one of the links below:

* Clinical Trial and Site Management Services

* Regulatory Guidelines





Linux Vs Bsd

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What is a BSD Unix?

BSD family of Unix systems is based upon the source code of real Unix developed in Bell Labs, which was later purchased by the University of California – “Berkeley Software Distribution”. The contemporary BSD systems stand on the source code that was released in the beginning of 1990′s (Net/2 Lite and 386/BSD release).

BSD is behind the philosophy of TCP/IP networking and the Internet thereof; it is a developed Unix system with advanced features. Except for proprietary BSD/OS, the development of which was discontinued, there are currently four BSD systems available: FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and Mac OS X, which is derived from FreeBSD. There are also various forks of these, like PC-BSD – a FreeBSD clone, or MirOS, an OpenBSD clone. The intention of such forks is to include various characteristics missing in the above BSD systems, on which these (forks), no matter how well they are designed, only strongly depend. PC-BSD, for example, has more graphical features than FreeBSD, but there are no substantial differences between these two. PC-BSD cannot breathe without FreeBSD; FreeBSD or OpenBSD are independent of one another.

What is Linux?

Albeit users like to use the term “Linux” for any Linux distro including its packages (Red Hat Linux, Mandrake Linux, etc.), for IT professionals Linux is only the kernel. Linux started in 1991, when its author, Linus Torvals, began his work on a free replacement of Minix. Developers of quite a few Linux system utilities used the source code from BSD, as both these systems started parallelly in about the same time (1992-1993) as Open Source.

Today, there are a few, if not many developers of their own kernels/operating systems (FreeDOS, Agnix, ReactOS, Inferno, etc.), but these guys simply missed the right train in the right hour. They did not lose anything except for the fact that they may be even better programmers, but without the public opinion acknowledging this at large. Linus built his fame also from work of many developers and he went on board in the right time. Linus deserves a credit as a software idea policy maker and he helped very much in this respect.

(Open)BSD vs Linux

It is often difficult to say what is better if you compare two things without regarding the purpose of their use. Mobile Internet may appear better for someone who travels often, but for people working at home such mobility is not necessary. In this view, it is a stupid question when someone asks: “What is better, a mobile or static Internet?” It all depends…

If you compare Linux and OpenBSD in their desktop environment features, Linux offers more applications than OpenBSD; but in a server solution BSD systems are known to be robust, more stable and secure, and without so many patches distributors release soon after their new version of Linux slithered to light.

BSD systems are based upon real Unix source code contrary to Linux, which was developed from scratch (kernel).

Differences between BSD and Linux

1) BSD license allows users/companies to modify a program’s source code and not to release changes to the public. In other words, BSD licenses allow commercial use and incorporation of a code into proprietary commercial products. This is how Microsoft incorporated BSD networking into their products and how Mac OS X earns money through muscles of FreeBSD.

Linux uses GPL license for most of the time (applications in Linux can also have a BSD license – or any license; it is up to developers how they decide). With a GPL-licensed program anybody can change the source code, but he or she MUST share it with the Open Source community to make sure that everybody will benefit from such a change.

2) BSD has the so-called “core system” (without packages). The core system consists of basic utilities (like ssh, fdisk, various commands like chmod or sysctl, manual pages, etc.) and anything beyond this is strictly seen as an add-on. Linux (not only the kernel, of course) is usually packaged as the whole system where this difference is not seen.

3) On BSD systems, all add-on packages are strictly installed into the /usr/local directory: documents to user/local/share/docs/application_name; themes and other things to /usr/local/share/application_name; binaries to /usr/local/bin/application_name. By application_name we mean a program’s name, so if you install IceWM, for example, its binary will be here: /usr/local/bin/icewm. With Linux, on the other hand, all applications get mostly installed into the /usr/bin directory.

4) BSD systems use the system of “ports”, which are fingerprints of applications in the /usr/ports directory, where a user may “cd” and execute a make command, which will download, via a directive contained in such a fingerprint’s code, the application’s source and the system will compile it as well. “Ports” are actually add-on packages for BSD systems and they are also packaged in packages repository of a concrete BSD system. They can be installed as binaries, too, with use of the “pkg_add” either directly from the Internet or locally. But “ports” have that advantage that if an author of any package makes a new version, a user can immediately get its newest/updated version. Packages released for a particular BSD version (like OpenBSD 4.1) are not updated and users have to wait for a new BSD release (like OpenBSD 4.2).

5) BSD systems have also their stable version. With FreeBSD, for example, you have a FreeBSD-Release (a version that can be used normally), FreeBSD-Stable (system more profoundly audited for bugs and security holes), and a development version – Current, which is not stable and not recommended for a regular use. Some Linux distributions started to imitate this philosophy, but with BSD systems this way of making distributions has become a rule.

6) Of course, the kernel is absolutely different.

7) BSD has FFS file system; it is the only file system on BSD’s contrary to Linux, where you can use dozens of file systems like ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, etc.

8) BSD systems divide their partitions internally. This means that after installing a BSD system to a hard disk, programs like fdisk, Partition Magic, Norton Ghost and many others will not see this internal division of a BSD (FFS) disk; thus, repartitioning of a disk is not such a pain when administrators require a rigorous partitioning (for /home, /tmp, /var, /etc directories). As a consequence, the naming convention also differs a little: a disk – /dev/ad0s3b in FreeBSD indicates that you deal with “slice” 3 (“s3″), which is the equivalent of Linux /dev/hda3; the internal “partition” has the name of a letter: “a”, “b”, “e”, etc. (“b” is a swap partition). BSD systems also use different naming conventions for devices (disks, etc.).

9) Unless you make a good kernel hack, BSD systems can only be installed into the primary partition. This is not the rule with Linux. However, as BSD systems offer the above-mentioned internal division of partitions, this is not any pain. PC architecture for disks (IDE) follows the rule that you can have only four primary partitions. We will illustrate this on Linux: /dev/hda1 (note: first partition on master disk on first IDE channel), /dev/hda2 (second partition), /dev/hda3 (third partition), /dev/hda4 (fourth partition). PC architecture allows creation of the so-called logical disk on a physical disk (/dev/hda5, /dev/hda6, etc.). You can have as many logical disks/partitions as you wish and you can also install Linux into these “logical disks”. On the other hand, installing a BSD OS into such a “logical partition” is not normally possible.

10) System configuration is manual for most of the time, but various clones like PC-BSD break this convention. The manual approach is a very good thing, as administrators have everything under control without being pushed to waste time in a labyrinth of bloated configuration menus. A good comparison is to imagine a car mechanic repairing the car’s engine c
overed by a thick blanket. To give you even a little better example – you will hardly find a Linux distro that does not have a default X startup (graphical environment). Of course, you can switch off the X environment during the installation configuration, but if you keep forgetting like me and forget to switch this off, or you have difficulties to find it in the menu somewhere, you realize that most Linux distributors do indeed impose on us only one approach – to put our fingers first on the thick blanket, then on the engine. If you are a good administrator, you do not usually trust vendors who program you how to use Linux – you are the boss and you must have your own freedom. However, in most cases you lose few hours instead by deactivating various services, which are, unfortunately, not even necessary but almost always activated by default. Linux is praised both for being a good desktop and server, but administrators of a good server do not need X. The more software is stored on your hard disk, the more security problems you will face, because it is impossible to audit every package in every unthinkable situation. Good and secure systems are always tight, light and simple.

11) All BSD systems have a Linux emulation support. Running BSD binaries on Linux is a little harder.

12) BSD systems have less support from driver vendors, thus they lag behind in this view (they are not worse, but many vendors support only Microsoft and Linux). With a BSD system you must carefully research the Internet for supported products/chipsets before purchasing any hardware.

13) BSD systems do not use the Unix System V “runlevel scripts” (initialization startup scripts) like Linux.

14) BSD kernels can be set to several security levels. This is also possible with Linux, but BSD’s have taken a very good care of this kernel-tuning feature, which makes it even impossible to change something in files in higher security levels – you cannot delete them.

15) BSD’s have everything under one ROOF. Various Linux programs are often not even compatible with other Linuces. For example, if you install a SuSE RPM package on Mandrake, it may not work. BSD’s have one solid crown of power. If you move from Linux to FreeBSD, you will soon find out that you got out of this chaos. Do you want a package? Just visit: http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ and download it. Unless its developer made some programming errors, it will always work.

16) Generally, BSD systems boot and reboot faster than Linux. Linux can do this, too, but it must be tuned. It is very surprising that Linux is shipped, on the one hand, on huge DVD’s and, on the other hand, it has a compressed kernel. BSD systems do not use (but they can) a default kernel that is compressed, thus the system boots always faster. As I mentioned earlier in this article, Linux vendors program users to use various, often unnecessary services. I do not need SAMBA (file and print services) and many other things as well. Linux reboot process takes longer because various services running on Linux need time for deactivation. Many Linux users do not even know what is the purpose of these services.

17) In comparison to BSD, most Linux distributions are overbloated. Few good users noticed this some time ago and a new trend in the Linux world started with ideas to get closer to a BSD-style use. One of such distributions is Gentoo Linux, but also Slackware Linux, which has preserved a very good shape since its first release (1993). The Gentoo “About” page (http://www.gentoo.org) says that, “Gentoo is a free operating system based on either Linux or FreeBSD…” Therefore, if you use Slackware or Gentoo, these Linuces will always reboot faster than any other Linux.

18) If you compile programs from ports, you will not stumble into compilation errors. BSD packagers prepare their packages carefully, so that users will always compile them successfully. This does not always happen with Linux.

Conclusion

I am the author of One Floppy CD Audio and MP3 Player, and a single floppy OpenBSD router. I really like all BSD systems. If you are interested, look into FreeBSD documentation, which is one of the best. It will give you a very good overview of history and hard work done in the development of these robust systems. Today, BSD Unices are the only quality alternative to Linux in the Open Source world.

Copyright (c) Juraj Sipos

Author’s website about FreeBSD and OpenBSD