http://www.e-tei.org welcome to site e-tei.org Mon, 30 Jan 2012 14:57:24 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.1 http://www.e-tei.org/0820-the-home-theater-furniture-makes-all-the-difference.html http://www.e-tei.org/0820-the-home-theater-furniture-makes-all-the-difference.html#comments Sat, 20 Aug 2011 10:54:21 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2537 Continue reading →]]>

We all love to have comfort, whether it is in our office, living room, bedroom, dining room, or anywhere. Similarly, it is very important to have comfort in our home theatre. Therefore, the furniture plays a significant role in giving rise to a comfortable ambience inside the home theater.

Decorating Home Theater

When you are planning the design of your home theater, you should not restrict yourself to chairs and seating. They are very important in setting up a home theater, but you should also have some colored posters and cuttings of the movies. This will enhance the ambience of the home theater and will making watching the movie more enjoyable. You should decorate the room in the best possible way by using vast collection of accessories like carpets, wall papers, etc.

Furniture For Home Theater

There are so many things to be considered while purchasing the furniture for the home theater. There are many companies in the market that manufacture furniture especially for home theaters according to your requirements. The following items are necessary to have a pleasure of real theaters in home theatres:

1 – You should buy an entertainment stand, which will hold all of your equipment like a television, DVD player, and stereo. This will make your system look organized and will save the consumption of your space.

2 – The next important thing is the purchase of comfortable furniture. There are a number of choices in the market for the chairs and couches. Along with comfort, you should also consider the style and color of the chairs and couches, as they should suit your decor. There are many designs of the loungers that possess wide arm rests with beverages holders and sliding foot rests. You should have a proper survey of the furniture market in order to get the best according to your requirements.

3 – While going for purchasing the home theater furniture, the main thing that should be considered is the room in which you are having your home theater system. The furniture should be selected accordingly.

4 – There are many other different accessories like audio visual cabinets, video cabinets, TV cabinets, stereo cabinets, multimedia, storage cabinets, or entertainment cabinets, They come in various shapes, colors, designs, and companies to enhance the look of your home theatre.

5 – Depending upon your budget, you can even opt for some of the enjoyable things like popcorn machines or to have a small bar at the back of the room in order to have great pleasurable time while watching a 2 hours full length movie.

Therefore, the selection of the furniture should be done by considering the above-mentioned points in order to enjoy the fun and excitement of the actual theatre in the premises of your home theater.

]]> http://www.e-tei.org/0820-the-home-theater-furniture-makes-all-the-difference.html/feed 0 http://www.e-tei.org/0724-surveillance-sterilization-and-disinfection-of-operation-theatres-in-the-developing-world.html http://www.e-tei.org/0724-surveillance-sterilization-and-disinfection-of-operation-theatres-in-the-developing-world.html#comments Sun, 24 Jul 2011 13:08:01 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2530 Continue reading →]]>

SURVEILLANCE AND STERILISATION OF OPERATIon THEATRES

In the Developing World

Dr.T.V.Rao MD – Dr.Chithra.VN MD

In spite of brief stay of patients in the operation theatre (in majority of circumstances), the environment of operation theatre plays a great role in the onset and spread of infection because of a multifactor causation of infection. It is usually necessary to study the epidemiology of infection as a multidisciplinary approach. In resource poor circumstances as in most developing countries, work in isolation and few facilities to make any epidemiological surveys Many believe that routine Microbiological monitoring is most essential but in reality it is not practicable. But every hospital should pay good attention in proper maintenance of air conditioning plants, ventilator systems, and to have greater control on mechanisms and personnel involved in disinfection and sterilization of materials used in the theatres in operative procedures.

Operation theatres should be built with implementation of good civil Engineering standards.

OPERATION THEATRE – DISCIPLINE

1. Only people absolutely needed for an assigned work should be present.

2. People present in theatre should make minimal movements and curtail unnecessary movements in and out of theatres, which will greatly reduce bacterial count.

3. Air borne contamination is usually affected by type of surgery, quality of air which in fact depends on rate of air exchange.

All the persons including the least cadre of employers are partners in infection control and should be aware to comply with infection control regulations

4 Prompt disposal of Theatre waste out of the theatre is of top priority. Any spillage of Body fluids including Blood on the floors is highly hazardous and prompts the rapid multiplication of Nosocomial pathogens in particular Pseudomonas spp

SURVEILLANCE OF OPERATION THEATRE

Role of Microbiological Surveillance

The environments in the operation theatre are dynamic and subject to continuous change. Good infrastructures do not mean a safe environment as human make a greater difference in making the environment unsafe.

Microbiologists should be aware of organisms, sites and populations as surveillance cultures should be chosen carefully to allow meaningful interpretation of results.

Microbiologists should be familiar with the clinical techniques as those normally used for culturing clinical specimens may not yield correct result when applied to environmental specimens.

Sites and cultured reports should not be chosen as etiological sources in the present infections. Culturing unnecessary surface areas causes confusion and meaningful interpretation is lost.

AIR IS THE IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INFECTION

Bacterial counts in operation theatres are influenced by the number of individuals present, ventilation and air flow, the results should be interpreted taking the above facts into consideration.

Surveillance for Air borne Pathogens:

In resource poor Hospitals settle plates with blood agar are used and can detect pathogens, commensals and saprophytic bacteria. Multiple plates are kept and results are based on overall assessment rather than on a single plate study in the room. Microbiologists will clarify the acceptable counts at the different physical locations in multispeciality hospitals.

There is a sea change in analysis of bacterial counts in recent past with advances in medical technologies like Joint replacement surgeries dealing with critical patients. Slit sampler and Air centrifuge equipment for bacterial counts are replacing settle plates, the safe level of colony counts can be calculated as per the standards created with peer reviewed studies by the manufacturers.

How frequently we can do the Surveillance for Air borne Microbes.

Yet there is no definite answer to this question

Doing too frequent surveys are expensive and will not correlate the existing infection rate in the Hospital.

But can indicate the circumstance we operate which can have bearing effect if the safety standards fall

Surveillance for Clostridia spores

The age old tradition of detection of anaerobic spores of C.tetani, and Gas gangrene producing organisms are losing ground with onset of more awareness on theatre sterilization. Routine testing for the Anaerobes is not essential except when there were suspected cases of Tetanus or Gas gangrene attributed to operating in a particular Operation theatre.

But it is ideal to survey the Operation theatres for anaerobes when newly constructed or any remodeling or structural alterations are done. In such situations which will have trust worthy safety of the theatre.

STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION OF OPERATION THEATRES AND CRITICAL CARE AREAS

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Keep the floor dry when in use.

2. Use only vacuum cleaners (booming to be forbidden as it will dispense the infected material all around and on the equipments.

3. Chemical disinfection of an operation room floor is probably unnecessary. The bacteria carrying particles already on the floor are unlikely to reach an open wound in sufficient numbers to cause an infection

(Ayliffe et al 1967. Hombroeus et al 1978)

Cleaning alone followed by drying will considerably reduce bacterial population.

4. Wall and Ceilings- Wall and ceiling are rarely contaminated. The numbers of bacteria do not appear to increase even if walls are not cleaned. Frequent cleaning is not necessary and has little influence on bacterial counts. Routine disinfection is therefore unnecessary, but only cleaned when dirty.

ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANING OF OPERATION THEATRES

At the Beginning of the Day

1. Only remove the dust with cloth wetted with clean water. ( Mop theatre furniture lamps, sitting tables, trolley tops, operation tables, procedure tables, Boyle’s apparatus)

Note: Need not use chemicals/disinfectants unless contaminated with blood or body fluids

Between the procedures

Clean operation tables or contaminated surfaces with disinfectant solutions.

1. In case of spillages of blood/ body fluids decontaminate with bleaching solution/ chlorine solution (10% available chlorine)

2. All discard waste in plastic bags (do not accumulate around surgical sites)

3. Do not discard soiled linen and gowns in the operation theatre floor.

At the end of the day

1. Clean all the table tops, sinks, door handles with detergent followed by low level disinfectant.

2. Clean the floors with detergents mixed with warm water.

3. Finally mop with disinfectant like phenol in the concentration of 1 in 10 (low concentrations of phenol will not serve the purpose).

4. Keep the operation theatre dry for the next day’s work

Fumigation

1. Seal the room with adhesive tapes round the edges of the doors/windows and ventilators and apertures.

2 For Each 1000 cu.ft of space place 500ml formaldehyde (40% solution) and 1000ml of water in an electric boiler. Switch on the boiler, leave the room and seal the door.

3. Seal the room for 24 hrs

4. Then open the door and neutralize any residual formaldehyde with ammonia by exposing 250ml of S.G 880 ammonia/ 1Lt of formaldehyde used. (Ref – Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology 13th Edition)

5. Fumigation is obsolete in many developed nations in view of toxic nature of Formalin. Too frequent use and inhalation is hazardous

6 Several new safe chemicals are emerging but constrains of economy limit the use and several hours of closure of operation theatres can be curtailed with Fumigation.

THE FOLLOWING PRECAUTIONS HAVE GREATLY REDUCED THE RATES OF INFECTION

1. Every Hospital must constitute Infection control committee to monitor the events in the Hospit
al, on all matters related to control of Infections.

2. The entry of unnecessary personnel to be restricted into operation theatres as every one contributes to Infection.

3. A thorough washing with warm water and good detergent and carbolisation can bring overall improvement than mere fumigation.

4. Frequent monitoring and training of medical and paramedical staff must carry high priority than mere mechanical and chemical methods.

5. Thorough washing and carbolisation if done everyday after the surgeries will greatly enhance the safety standards and economize the repeated expenditure on fumigation.

TRAINING OF PARAMEDICAL STAFF/ RESIDENTS

1. The short solution to control infection lies with trained staff.

2. The principal and control of infection to all new comers and junior staff should be a goal of any good Institution.

3. Formulate guidelines update as per the changing situation in control the infection.

4. Institute should formulate ideas on infection control to the need of circumstances, as there are no fixed guidelines or formulae to control to suit all occasional.

5. Simple repeated hygienic hand wash is most cost effective method to reduce several infections in Hospitals, in particular operation theatres

Note

The knowledge on Maintenance, Sterilization and control of Infections in Operation theatres a rapidly evolving Science

Wish to know more about Operation theatre Maintenance for control of Infection Read through

Principles, And Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization by A.D.Russel, W.B.Hugo & G.A.J Ayliffe.

All Institutes wish to develop to improve hygiene and sterilization standards, and start critical surgeries doing Cardiothoracic, Organ replacement and prosthetic surgeries should subscribe to the internationally accredited Journal

“The Operating Theatre journal” published from U K.

*****************************

]]> http://www.e-tei.org/0724-surveillance-sterilization-and-disinfection-of-operation-theatres-in-the-developing-world.html/feed 0 http://www.e-tei.org/0709-puppet-theatres-promote-literacy-and-learning.html http://www.e-tei.org/0709-puppet-theatres-promote-literacy-and-learning.html#comments Sat, 09 Jul 2011 19:36:46 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2533 Continue reading →]]>

Once the puppet theatre curtain opens, language, reading and comprehension skills converge as meaningful learning takes a front row seat! Puppet theaters promote literacy and a love for learning. From young children building pre-reading skills, to high school students developing higher level cognition, puppet theaters are a stage for hands-on-learning and practical skill application.

Real life application strengthens language cognition and reading comprehension. After receiving my certification as a Reading Specialist, I searched for a program that would help kids learn to speak, read, write and communicate. Then, I realized that I needed something to help my little learners engage, so I brought my first puppet theater into my classroom. I saw a sparks in the eyes of all those children, and I knew this was a way to help children connect what they were learning on a page to real life!

There are many places where children learn. Bedrooms, classrooms, playrooms, day care centers and youth centers are a few of the many places where we expect that learning is taking place. Young learners need adults to consider their literacy needs and create a space where these needs can be nourished. Puppet theaters are an excellent choice for filling any space that hopes to nourish language and reading development for young people. This development is crucial for future learning.

Children who have regular opportunities for dramatic play have a rich environment that stimulates and reinforces language development. Add a puppet theater to any space where children play. Watch kids teach each other how to communicate. Expect an enthusiasm for learning that text books and instructional programs can’t facilitate.

Before you set out to select a puppet stage, there are a few things to consider. Firstly, this is not likely to be a short term investment. You want to purchase a theater and hand puppets that will last. Children love to return to familiar characters and scenes and grow with them. Each rehearsal builds on the last and becomes the impetus for new creativity and learning. Select a puppet theater and puppets that will hold up under regular use.

Don’t be surprised if your favorite little thespian continues their puppet stage performances well into adulthood! Once a child loves literacy and learning, they often want to pass their enthusiasm on to others!

]]> http://www.e-tei.org/0709-puppet-theatres-promote-literacy-and-learning.html/feed 19 http://www.e-tei.org/0705-dvi-d-to-vga-premium-conversion-device-for-translating-dvi-d-signals-to-vga.html http://www.e-tei.org/0705-dvi-d-to-vga-premium-conversion-device-for-translating-dvi-d-signals-to-vga.html#comments Tue, 05 Jul 2011 19:23:05 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2540 Continue reading →]]>

A DVI-D to VGA Converter translates a computer’s DVI digital single link video signal to analog so that devices without DVI-D output can be connected to the former. CRT monitors, analog video systems, and television displays are connected to devices like modern video cards using this technology. Using the plug and play functionality, one connector of the standard VGA cable should be inserted into the VGA female end of the adapter. The other end is inserted into the VGA port while the DVI-D end of the adapter is connected to the DVI port. This is how the conversion works.

While the input connector is DVI-D female, the output connector is a VGA 15 pin HD male. Features of the DVI-D to VGA Converter include signal boosting capabilities and compatibility with any single link DVI-D device. This device is equipped to support multiple video resolutions such as 1900 x1200, 1600 x 1200, 1280×1024 and lower or formats known as VGA; SVGA; XGA; SXGA; UXGA without loss of data. It also supports a frequency bandwidth of 165 MHz and a DVI-D bandwidth of 1.6 GHz. For most applications, there is no requirement for an external power supply. Consumption of power is restricted to 0.54 Watts. Easy to use, this device does not require any additional software or drivers. This product is HDCP compliant and has CE, FCC and RoHS regulatory approvals. By converting signals from DVI to VGA, this converter ensures that costly video monitors and display adapters need not be replaced. By saving investment in existing infrastructure, it is becoming one of the preferred methods of connecting to LCDs and other displays today.

These digital to analog conversion devices work on the digital visual interface technology which was developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) in order to ensure better signal transfer. It is an ideal solution for applications where a computer’s output needs to be viewed on larger screens such as in home theatres, entertainment and training facilities, government or industrial environments. The device converting DVI-D to VGA signals is seeing a rise in demand, since it delivers high-performance, high-bandwidth video.

]]> http://www.e-tei.org/0705-dvi-d-to-vga-premium-conversion-device-for-translating-dvi-d-signals-to-vga.html/feed 7 http://www.e-tei.org/0602-fast-movie-downloads-what-a-hoax.html http://www.e-tei.org/0602-fast-movie-downloads-what-a-hoax.html#comments Thu, 02 Jun 2011 06:57:27 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2542 Continue reading →]]>

Earlier, people could enjoy watching movies only by going to local theatres. Then television and video came, and favourite movies were recorded and watched as and when one wished to do so. With the advancement in technology, movies are now easily accessible and many fast movie downloads are available.

Movies can be downloaded either via Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks that depend on the PC configuration and bandwidth, or via direct downloads. The quality and download speed depends on the server from which the movies are taken and the application installed in the PC, and the size and source of the movie. Xvid and DivX codecs have to be installed when downloading Xvid or Divx movies.

Movies can be quickly downloaded with the help of file-sharing programs. Of course, many websites are providers and promoters of software for fast movie downloads and application programs, with a nominal fee or free of cost, or sometimes prompt the users to sign up with them and become a member. By remitting a one-time low fee, new movie releases can be downloaded even before they are in theatres. Many of these software programs provide benefits such as high speed, high quality DVD copy and backup software, MP3 players, pop-up and spyware removers and much more.

Fast movie downloads have become immensely popular in the last couple of years because of many factors such as the advancement of audio/video compression technology and the spread of broadband internet connection. Fast movie downloads enable you to download a full length movie within a couple of hours. Most of the movie fans who engage in downloading movies from websites are unaware that downloading three to four movies at a time will save time, making the process faster.

Apart from fast movie downloads, fast DVD Cloners are also available in the market. With these Cloners, a movie and its entire details such as menus, trailers and other features can be easily and quickly copied in excellent quality, and backups can be taken within an hour. Unlike other DVD software, Cloners are easy to use and configure, and include features such as multiple DVD copy modes, DVD restoration, and many more.

Fast movie downloads have now become a hot trend among movie enthusiasts. It is estimated that more than a million movies are downloaded from a single website each month. Before deciding to go in for fast movie downloads, it would be ideal to ensure that the website is a trustworthy one and that the movie downloads are legal.

]]> http://www.e-tei.org/0602-fast-movie-downloads-what-a-hoax.html/feed 0 http://www.e-tei.org/0531-projector-lamp-glossary.html http://www.e-tei.org/0531-projector-lamp-glossary.html#comments Tue, 31 May 2011 12:41:14 +0000 admin http://www.crawbot.co.cc/?p=2539 Continue reading →]]>

Paper presentations have become passé. PowerPoint presentations incorporated with animation and sound effects have become the norm now. Projectors can be used for putting up presentations due to their excellent image quality they produce. One of the important parts of a projector is the projector lamp. It is impossible to give presentations without projector lamps as they are the main source of illumination.

When you choose a projector lamp that best suits your needs, it not only makes your work easy but also saves time. This projector buying guide will help you to choose the right kind of projector lamp.

It is necessary to consider the price and compatibility when buying projector lamps. The other features that should be taken into consideration while purchasing these lamps are its resolution and brightness.

The sharpness or clarity of the image displayed by a projector is determined by the resolution. The lowest resolution is SVGA (800 x 600) and the highest is UXGA (1600 x 1200.) Projector lamps with good resolution are best fit for presentations in large auditoriums or home theatres. On the other hand low resolution projector lamps will do for simple office presentations.

Projector lamps with higher lumen produce clear images and can be used for presentations in large office rooms or in outdoor areas. Projector lamps with low lumens are apt for indoor presentations.

It is always good to choose a projector lamp, which has the most number of options for connectivity. BulbToGo is the best online store where you can purchase good quality projector lamps and projector replacement lamps at reasonable costs.

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